<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">acpron</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Академия Практической Онкологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Academy for Practical Oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-9073</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-9421</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "Издательский дом "МедИНК"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.63769/3033-9073-2026-1-2-62-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">acpron-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рак и воспаление</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cancer and inflammation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-4948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашрафян</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashrafyan</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ашрафян Лев Андреевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Lev A. Ashrafyan, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashrafyan_l_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В. И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after acad. V. I. Kulakova</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ашрафян Л.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ашрафян Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ashrafyan L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.apo-j.ru/jour/article/view/18">https://www.apo-j.ru/jour/article/view/18</self-uri><abstract><p>Воспаление влияет на все этапы развития и прогрессии опухоли, а также на терапевтический ответ. Только путем тщательного исследования каждого аспекта биологии злокачественного процесса мы можем добиваться реальных достижений в борьбе с раком. Комбинация противовоспалительных подходов, ориентированных на микросреду опухоли, должна сочетаться с использованием более сложных и селективно уничтожающих опухоль препаратов. Будущее противораковой терапии стоит за препаратами, нацеленными на проканцерогенное воспаление.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inflammation influences all stages of tumor development and progression, as well as therapeutic response. Only through careful study of every aspect of the biology of the malignant process can we make real advances in the fight against cancer. A combination of anti-inflammatory approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment should be combined with the use of more complex and selective tumor-killing drugs. The future of anticancer therapy lies in drugs targeting procarcinogenic inflammation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>онкогенез</kwd><kwd>противораковая терапия</kwd><kwd>микросреда</kwd><kwd>микроокружение</kwd><kwd>проканцерогенное воспаление</kwd><kwd>системная универсальная организация ответных реакций</kwd><kwd>защитная реакция</kwd><kwd>патоген</kwd><kwd>нормальная воспалительная реакция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>tumorigenesis</kwd><kwd>anticancer therapy</kwd><kwd>microenvironment</kwd><kwd>microenvironment</kwd><kwd>procarcinogenic inflammation</kwd><kwd>systemic universal organization of responses</kwd><kwd>defensive reaction</kwd><kwd>pathogen</kwd><kwd>normal inflammatory response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дильман В.М. Четыре модели медицины. 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dilman V.M. Four models of medicine. 1987. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantovani A., Allavena P., Sica A., Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature 2008;454(7203):436–44. DOI: 10.1038/nature07205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mantovani A., Allavena P., Sica A., Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature 2008;454(7203):436–44. DOI: 10.1038/nature07205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medzhitov R. Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell 2010;140(6):771–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medzhitov R. Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell 2010;140(6):771–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rocha e Silva M. A brief survey of the history of inflammation. Agents Actions 1978;8(1–2):45–9. DOI: 10.1007/BF01972401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rocha e Silva M. A brief survey of the history of inflammation. Agents Actions 1978;8(1–2):45–9. DOI: 10.1007/BF01972401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang K., Shen X., Wu J. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates cleavage of CREBH to induce a systemic inflammatory response. Cell 2006;124(3):587–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang K., Shen X., Wu J. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates cleavage of CREBH to induce a systemic inflammatory response. Cell 2006;124(3):587–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang K., Kaufman R.J. From endoplasmic-reticulum stress to the inflammatory response. Nature 2008;454(7203):455–62. DOI: 10.1038/nature07203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang K., Kaufman R.J. From endoplasmic-reticulum stress  to the inflammatory response. Nature 2008;454(7203):455–62. DOI: 10.1038/nature07203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hotamisligil G.S., Erbay E. Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8(12):923–34. DOI: 10.1038/nri2449</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hotamisligil G.S., Erbay E. Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8(12):923–34. DOI: 10.1038/nri2449</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawai T., Akira S. TLR signaling. Cell Death Diff 2006;13(5): 816–25. DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawai T., Akira S. TLR signaling. Cell Death Diff 2006;13(5): 816–25. DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schroder K., Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell 2010;140(6):821–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schroder K., Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell 2010;140(6):821–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Majno G. The healing hand: man and wound in the ancient world. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majno G. The healing hand: man and wound in the ancient world. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43(9):1905–15. DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200009)43:9&lt;1905::AID-ANR1&gt;3.0.CO;2-P</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43(9):1905–15. DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200009)43:9&lt;1905::AID-ANR1&gt;3.0.CO;2-P</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falkowski P.G., Katz M.E., Milligan A.J. et al. The rise of oxygen over the past 205 million years and the evolution of large placental mammals. Science 2005;309(5744):2202–4. DOI: 10.1126/science.1116047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falkowski P.G., Katz M.E., Milligan A.J. et al. The rise of oxygen over the past 205 million years and the evolution of large  placental mammals. Science 2005;309(5744):2202–4. DOI: 10.1126/science.1116047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falkowski P.G. Tracing oxygen’s imprint on earth’s metabolic evolution. Science 2006;311(5768):1724–5. DOI: 10.1126/science.1125937</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falkowski P.G. Tracing oxygen’s imprint on earth’s metabolic evolution. Science 2006;311(5768):1724–5. DOI: 10.1126/science.1125937</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wynn T.A. IL-13 effector functions. Annu Rev Immunol 2003; 21:425–56. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wynn T.A. IL-13 effector functions. Annu Rev Immunol 2003; 21:425–56. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabay C., Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med 1999;340(6):448–54. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199902113400607</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabay C., Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med 1999;340(6):448–54. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199902113400607</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Fausto N. et al. Pathologic basis of disease. 7th. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Fausto N. et al. Pathologic basis  of disease. 7th. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trinchieri G. Cancer and inflammation: An old intuition with rapidly evolving new concepts. Annu Rev Immunol.2012; 30:677–706. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trinchieri G. Cancer and inflammation: An old intuition with rapidly evolving new concepts. Annu Rev Immunol.2012; 30:677–706. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medzhitov R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 2008;454(7203):428–35. DOI: 10.1038/nature07201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medzhitov R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 2008;454(7203):428–35. DOI: 10.1038/nature07201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubanyi G.M. The role of endothelium in cardiovascular homeostasis and diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22(Suppl 4): S1–14. DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199322004-00002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubanyi G.M. The role of endothelium in cardiovascular homeostasis and diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22(Suppl 4): S1–14. DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199322004-00002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedges S.B., Blair J.E., Venturi M.L., Shoe JL. A molecular timescale of eukaryote evolution and the rise of complex multicellular life. BMC Evol Biol 2004;4:2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-4-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedges S.B., Blair J.E., Venturi M.L., Shoe JL. A molecular timescale of eukaryote evolution and the rise of complex multicellular life. BMC Evol Biol 2004;4:2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-4-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maiuri A.R., O’Hagan H.M. Interplay between inflammation and epigenetic changes in cancer. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2016;144:69–117. DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maiuri A.R., O’Hagan H.M. Interplay between inflammation  and epigenetic changes in cancer. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2016;144:69–117. DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussain S.P., Hofseth L.J., Harris C.C. Radical causes of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:276–85. DOI: 10.1038/nrc1046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussain S.P., Hofseth L.J., Harris C.C. Radical causes of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2003;3:276–85. DOI: 10.1038/nrc1046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okazaki I.M., Kotani A., Honjo T. Role of AID in tumorigenesis. Adv Immunol 2007;94:245–73. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(06)94008-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okazaki I.M., Kotani A., Honjo T. Role of AID in tumorigenesis. Adv Immunol 2007;94:245–73. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(06)94008-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeNardo D.G., Andreu P., Coussens L.M. Interactions between lymphocytes and myeloid cells regulate pro- versus anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010;29:309–16. DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9223-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeNardo D.G., Andreu P., Coussens L.M. Interactions between lymphocytes and myeloid cells regulate pro- versus anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010;29:309–16. DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9223-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grivennikov S.I., Greten F.R., Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010;140(6):883–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grivennikov S.I., Greten F.R., Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010;140(6):883–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qian B.Z., Pollard J.W. Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis. Cell 2010;141(1):39–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qian B.Z., Pollard J.W. Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis. Cell 2010;141(1):39–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colotta F., Allavena P., Sica A. et al. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis 2009;30(7):1073–81. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colotta F., Allavena P., Sica A. et al. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis 2009;30(7):1073–81. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karnoub A.E., Weinberg R.A. Chemokine networks and breast cancer metastasis. Breast Dis 2006;26:75–85. DOI: 10.3233/bd-2007-26107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karnoub A.E., Weinberg R.A. Chemokine networks and breast cancer metastasis. Breast Dis 2006;26:75–85. DOI: 10.3233/bd-2007-26107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Visser K.E., Eichten A., Coussens L.M. Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6(1):24–37. DOI: 10.1038/nrc1782</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Visser K.E., Eichten A., Coussens L.M. Paradoxical roles  of the immune system during cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6(1):24–37. DOI: 10.1038/nrc1782</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soucek L., Lawlor E.R., Soto D. Mast cells are required for angiogenesis and macroscopic expansion of Myc-induced pancreatic islet tumors. Nat Med 2007;13(10):1211–8. DOI: 10.1038/nm1649</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soucek L., Lawlor E.R., Soto D. Mast cells are required for angiogenesis and macroscopic expansion of Myc-induced pancreatic islet tumors.  Nat Med 2007;13(10):1211–8. DOI: 10.1038/nm1649</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sparmann A., Bar-Sagi D. Ras-induced interleukin-8 expression plays a critical role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Cancer Cell 2004;6(5):447–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sparmann A., Bar-Sagi D. Ras-induced interleukin-8 expression plays a critical role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Cancer Cell 2004;6(5):447–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balkwill F., Mantovani A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet 2001;357:539–45. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04046-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balkwill F., Mantovani A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet 2001;357:539–45. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04046-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vakkila J., Lotze M.T. Inflammation and necrosis promote tumour growth. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4(8):641–8. DOI: 10.1038/nri1415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vakkila J., Lotze M.T. Inflammation and necrosis promote tumour growth. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4(8):641–8. DOI: 10.1038/nri1415</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature 2006;441(7092):431–6. DOI: 10.1038/nature04870</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature 2006;441(7092):431–6. DOI: 10.1038/nature04870</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dvorak H.F. Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. N Engl J Med 1986;315(26):1650–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198612253152606</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dvorak H.F. Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. N Engl J Med 1986;315(26):1650–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198612253152606</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zong W.X., Thompson C.B. Necrotic death as a cell fate. Genes Dev 2006;20(1):1–15. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1376506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zong W.X., Thompson C.B. Necrotic death as a cell fate. Genes Dev 2006;20(1):1–15. DOI: 10.1101/gad.1376506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Retsky M., Demicheli R., Hrushesky W.J.M. et al. Reduction of breast cancer relapses with perioperative non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: new findings and a review. Curr Med Chemistry 2013;20(33):4163–76. DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Retsky M., Demicheli R., Hrushesky W.J.M. et al. Reduction of breast cancer relapses with perioperative non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: new findings and a review. Curr Med Chemistry 2013;20(33):4163–76. DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bishoy F. Cornering metastases: therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells and stem cells. Front Oncol 2012:2:68. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bishoy F. Cornering metastases: therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells and stem cells. Front Oncol 2012:2:68. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin W.W., Karin M. A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. J Clin Invest 2007;117(5):1175–83. DOI: 10.1172/JCI31537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin W.W., Karin M. A cytokine-mediated link between innate immunity, inflammation, and cancer. J Clin Invest 2007;117(5):1175–83. DOI: 10.1172/JCI31537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker C., Fantini M.C., Schramm C. et al. TGF-beta suppresses tumor progression in colon cancer by inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling. Immunity 2004;21:491–501. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker C., Fantini M.C., Schramm C. et al. TGF-beta suppresses tumor progression in colon cancer by inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling. Immunity 2004;21:491–501.  DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan A.L., Vantyghem S.A., Tuck A.B., Chambers A.F. Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: implications for the biology and treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Disease 2006;26(1):87–98. DOI: 10.3233/bd-2007-26108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan A.L., Vantyghem S.A., Tuck A.B., Chambers A.F. Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: implications for the biology and treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Breast Disease 2006;26(1):87–98. DOI: 10.3233/bd-2007-26108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
